Neurological physiotherapy or neuro rehabilitation is physiotherapy aimed at treating alterations due to the involvement of the central or peripheral nervous system.
Neuro rehabilitation stimulates neuroplasticity; that is, it stimulates the ability of nervous system cells to regenerate morphologically and functionally after a pathological situation, developing an adaptive response to functional demand.
The objective of this therapy will therefore be to maximize the effect of neuroplasticity and cortical functional reorganization.
For this cortical reorganization to occur, learning, acquiring, and retaining specific motor tasks that condition structural changes in the brain is necessary.
Neuro Rehabilitation: Goals And Plan
The therapeutic needs vary in each case, but some of the sequelae that this type of therapy can improve are:
- Spasticity, spasms, and muscle tension
- Pain
- Changes in alignment, body schema, and postural control
- Changes in balance, proprioception, reach, grip or manipulation.
- Sensitivity disturbances
- Physical deconditioning
What Injuries Are Targeted By This Therapy?
As we have previously mentioned, any alteration of the central or peripheral nervous system, such as:
Sudden brain damage
- Stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic)
- head injury
- Anoxia or Hypoxia
- Brain tumors
- Encephalitis of various etiologies
Neurodegenerative diseases
- Alzheimer’s
- Multiple sclerosis
- Parkinson’s
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
It is achieved through the participation of intact primary or secondary motor areas or through the recruitment of perilesional or contralesional networks in which the mirror neuron system is activated.
How Should The Patient Prepare?
The specialist will work with the patient to ensure they are ready for rehabilitation. You likely start with small goals such as sitting or standing.
It must be taken into account that there is a protocol that will gradually prepare the patient for the following phases.
The best thing the patient can do to prepare is simply to do their part. Take care of yourself while you recover and follow the specialist’s instructions. The doctor’s advice should be followed, especially regarding eating and exercise habits.
It is important that, in the event of any eventuality, the professional in charge is immediately informed.
Among the most common activities when carrying out, neurological rehabilitation is:
- Exercise strengthens the body, improving balance and mobility safely. Either with or without the help of a support team.
- New ways of being physically active when suffering from a disability.
- Counseling and therapy help the patient with their social and emotional challenges.
- Speech and language therapy. Which helps in speech, swallowing, conjugation of words, and communication.
- Instructions on how to safely use crutches, walkers, or wheelchairs.
The patient must have someone to assist and support them during the neurological rehabilitation.
In case you go to an outpatient rehabilitation center, that is, outside the hospital, you will need a safe way to get to therapy.
It is helpful to have family and friends to facilitate and cooperate in daily activities and exercises that must be done at home.